Tuesday, 18 February 2014

The "Gain"

“Gain” is a Negative Impact.
Advertisers nowadays do not submit to having the safe, accustomed and stereotypical advertising which is considered as the boring one, and thus apply “More Pain, More Gain” to sell certain product. So, it becomes the magic key of some advertisers to stand out from the clutter. Other than achieving higher sale of brand, the ultimate goal of “gain” is undoubtedly being famous. 
When brands intend to use this tactic to advertise themselves, the relationship between one brand and its particular target audience is the primary consideration. In the point of view of most brands, the good brand image is vitally important to them for building up a loyal relationship with a brand. However, in “More Pain, More Gain” advertising, brand looks forward to “different” rather than “better” brand image. Between these two terms, the similarity is creating visibility of brand in the competitive market, but “different” is more influential than “better” in this case. “Better” can be defined as stereotypical advertising, it depicts the product in idealized image aesthetically, such as happiness, rich, and health. This is the mainstream of most current advertising is doing. For those brands who intends to be “different”, as Autoway (Figure 3) utilizes the fear appeal to make people feel emotional pain. The term “different” is actually risky for a brand to create its brand image.
“Fear is a primal emotion associated with the ancient structures of the brain. Throughout emotion, fear has effectively protects our species from deadly threats in the environment. The (un)conscious recognition of a threat leads to motivation to confront or flee it, a processes known as the fight-or-flight response.  Research has shown the technique to be flawed. Fear appeal that are too intense can either make the “flight” reaction active in the target group (leading to message avoidance) or can “freeze” or “paralyse” them (impairing further processing of the message.” (Andres, Leeuwen & Baaren, 2013)
Considering about the acceptability of fear appeal in brand images, fear appeals in commercial messages unrelated to health are considered ethically unacceptable (Andres, Leeuwen & Baaren, 2013). Referring back to Autoway Tyres (Figure 3), the only visual impression it gives to the viewers is scary, it also overwhelms the unique selling point “safety” of the brand. When it comes to prankvertising, the problem of brand acceptability is even worse, because the unsuspected receiver has no choice to stay away from prankvertising once the receiver is targeted. For example is, LG Ultra HD prankvertising makes people think it is the end of the world. The response from receiver is mostly frighten and mad. What if this prankvertising is implemented into fledging brand? There would be only one possibility which is disliked and unaccepted by the receiver. It is because receiver has not even had any understanding about the new brand. Therefore, it does not seem to be an entertaining prank, but making receiver feel averse to the brand. These are the impact behind the “gain”, it gains people attention by irritating them.
Besides making receiver feel “pain”, society is also the victim of “pain”. “More Pain, More Gain” steps into the discomfort zone of society by challenging the boundary of rule and regulation for breakthrough. Megan Towers, the Exfearience Planner claims that “we got fifteen lawsuits, and fifteen percent increase of brand awareness” (Youtube, 2013) It shows that lawsuit is being part of the strategy for seeking attention from the public, so press and media which report with interest the scandal at the same time raise the brand awareness (Kubacka, 2012). For gaining the brand awareness, the order of society is being mess up by this advertising. Ironcially, advertising helps brand to solve problem, create problem for society. 
Morally, the advertisement which aims to be known as a provocative one has to touch the area which is considered as a taboo by most of its receivers. (Kubacka, 2012). Also, The marketers and advertisers deliberately, startle and offend its audience by violating norms for social values and personal ideals, hit their emotional levels at a much stronger level, just to break through the advertising clutter and grab their attention and also to attract an audience to a certain brand (Kubacka, 2012).

According to the ethnic of advertising, in psychological appeals, it attempts to deceive people through poor reasoning or emotional appeals are deceitful forms of psychological appeals. Many advertisements seem to promise or imply a possible connection between a product and a good family, a good sex life, intimate friendships, and happiness. (Gray, 2011) However, “More Pain, More Gain” goes against this ethnic of advertising just for getting controversy and bring “different”. 


To recapitulate, “More Pain, More Gain” is a powerful tactic to enhance the recognition of brand. In this competitive market, every brand intends to stand out against its competitors with only minute difference between each other. Therefore, the ideology of pain is actually more workable than the brand attribute. No matter the response from receiver is good or bad, this is not the pre-consideration of selling a product anymore. Indeed, the truth is grabbing more attention, getting more and more famous. This is the connotation of “More Pain, More Gain”. In long term, however, it would induce a consequence to brand itself and the society. The fear impression of the consumer is given by the brand, shock could lead to behavioural paralysis and the dismissal of any information that follows the shock (Andres, Leeuwen & Baaren, 2013). Although the “pain” makes people feel memorable, its opposite effect only let receiver remain in fear rather than its brand attribute. In addition, “More Pain, More Gain” advertising is usually pushing over the boundary line of rule and regulation, and thus law becomes their method of marketing in the commercial industry. Inevitably, the real purpose of law has already lost its functional purpose in our society. To sum up, the “pain” today may become a common promotional strategy because the shelf like of advertisement is short. The misapplication of “More Pain, More Gain” advertising today might affect the prospect of advertising in the future. Will a brand sell product or horror in the future? 

The "Pain"

The “Painful” Visual

Figure 1: Child Health Foundation- The Scream
Source: Serviceplan (2008)

            The “painful” visual can defined as two types: physical pain, and emotional pain. Firstly, physical pain, the stereotypical images are more about the external pain of flesh. As Figure 1 shown, it is the ad of conveying the issue of child abuse which launched by Child Health Foundation. The back of child is covered with scratches, and scars of wounds depict an Expressionism masterpiece “The Scream” artistically. The thought of this painting actually expresses the inner feelings and emotions. In this ad, both physical and emotional pains are depicted to make people feel painful about it. As comparing to the first ad has shown, instead of promoting a brand or selling a product, this is a social marketing campaign which tends to show the social issue by using “painful” images. Indeed, this example shows the origin of shockvertising, its main purpose is utilizing the notion of creating a shocking visual in order to generate a brand awareness. In addition, it is usually implemented in campaign against abortion, animal brutality, social inequality and so forth. (Kubacka, 2012)


Figure 2: Painful Shoe Aid Ads
Source: Towers (2013)
In Figure 2, for instance, Nexcare Foot Patches shows the product which can relieve the pain from foot woes. Semiotically, the denotation of the ad is the spiny iron fencing, and its connotation is danger and pain. This is a typical visual of painful ads, advertiser utilizes this shock image to shows how significant is its product which can get rid of the external pain. From here we can know that the starting point of advertiser is helping a brand (client) to establish a positive brand image “superhero” who can rescue you from being hurt. However, about the acceptability of the brand image, it would be further discussed afterward.

Figure 3: Japanese Television Commercial for Autoway Tyres.
Source: Youtube (2013)

Secondly, emotional pain is the indepth level of the term “pain”. Emotional pain consists of fear, sadness, grief, depression, frustration, and so on. Specifically, “fear” is the most powerful emotion that advertising strongly emphasizes and explores in order to make receiver feel indelible. As comparison, the difference between physical and emotional pain is the former can only be shown in visual, but the latter one can really affect receiver psychologically through shocking image.

As Oliviero Toscani said, “There are no shocking pictures, only shocking reality.” It is the core of shockvertising, but how true is the reality or fact when it is used for selling product? For instance, recently, a Japanese Television Commercial launched by Autoway Tyres is claimed to be the scariest ad ever. Undoubtedly, it has already been labelled as ‘scariest’ rather than ‘safe’. The main brand attribute (safety) cannot be effectively shown in this ad for receiver the horribly fear (ghost) is totally overwhelming the main brand attribute. In short, this television commercial is purely scary.


The Evolutive “Pain”


Figure 5: Kidnapping Baby
Source: Youtube (2013)

Figure 6: Robbing Couple
Source: Youtube (2013)

The latest trend “prankvertising” has even reached the extent of “pain”, it is another level of emotional pain. The painful experience is brought to the reality for triggering emotion of fear of unsuspicious people. Creative Director of ExFEARiential advertising agency, Chris Hirsch claims that “good advertising makes people nervous, and a lot of successful brands do so” (Youtube, 2013). Some of the representative works are done, such as kidnap of baby to promote a deodorant (Figure 5), as well as, pretending to rob couple from their bed in the dead of night by masked intruders to give your new neer the viral treatment. (Figure 6) It has no doubt that this tactic successfully makes people feel unforgettable about certain brands, but it is just the superficial layer of "gain" that advertiser concern about.

To sum up, "More Pain" indicates the evolution of this shocking tactic. From print media, tvc to real prank, the goal of advertisers is only making controversy and let people talk about it, using the power of word of mouth in social media in order to enhance the recognition of brands.

Friday, 14 February 2014

2nd Draft

After writing the first draft and reviewing it, I realize that I was off topic. I was not exactly explaining the scope I tend to explore before. In other words, it is quite superficial, and thus it makes me feel like want to rewrite the whole essay. So, here is the 2nd draft I have written...

            Advertising nowadays is no longer fresh as compared to the period of World War II. During the period, the role of advertising is advocating propaganda in order to embrave people protest their country. Today, in contrast, the role of advertising is helping certain brand to sell product or service to consumer (receiver). However, the great exposure of advertising in different media has already made people feel bored of it. ”Everything what is ordinary, is not interesting for us”, this is the motto of United Colours of Benetton. This is a confession made by a brand, what they intend to do is making a breakthrough. Therefore, the emergence of “No Pain, No Gain” advertising tactic change this situation. Detailedly, this strategy consists of shockvertising (portmenteau of “shock” and “advertising”) and prankvertising (portmenteau of “prank” and “advertising”). To advertisers, “pain” as inducing negative emotion of receivers, “gain” is attracting their attention. It is actually helping clients (brand) to stand out against the competitors. 

The term “shockvertising” is not a new thing to us nowadays. Its main purpose is utilizing the notion of creating a shocking visual in order to generate a brand awareness. In addition, it is usually used in social marketing, and implemented in campaign against abortion, animal brutality, social inequality and so on. (Kubacka, 2012) Advertisers nowadays do not submit to having the safe, accustomed and stereotypical advertising which is considered as the boring one, and thus apply this tactic to sell certain product. So, it becomes the magic key of some advertisers. Undoubtedly, the aim of advertiser is focusing on higher sale of brand, and becoming famous through advertising certain brand. This is the connation of “gain”, but it makes the “value” and “image” of brand totally different. In this paper, the thesis is “No Pain, No Gain” advertising method affects the brand image, also create problem to our society.

The relationship between advertising and consumer merits discussion. The intention of advertising is to create a connection between brand and consumer, but “better” or “different” of a brand image looked like not the primary consideration. There are so many arguments about stereotypical advertising, aesthetically and morally. Aesthetically, some advertising does not really sell the idea of one product, but selling the idealized positive image, such as happiness, rich, and health. These are not fully true that a brand can offer to consumer. In addition, those relatively few advertisements which do contain false statements do untold damage to advertising’s image. As Oliviero Toscani said, “There are no shocking pictures, only shocking reality.” It is the core of shockvertising, but how true is the reality? (Visually, fear appeal)  From here we could know that an image of certain brand biases more toward to “different” by visualizing the message purely shocking.    

Creativity is the most essential element in advertising field. However, in “No Pain, No Gain” strategy, it would be called “distorted creativity” which induces problem to society. The advertisement which aims to be known as a provocative one has to touch the area which is considered as a taboo by most of its receivers. (Paluchowski & Zadłużna 2004, 50.)  Concerning about the rule and regulation of advertising, each country has its self-regulation in advertising, but all of them do have a common aim which is to keep order of the society. Advertisers “deliberately, startle and offend its audience by violating norms for social values and personal ideals, hit their emotional levels at a much stronger level, just to break through the advertising clutter and grab their attention and also to attract an audience to a certain brand or bring awareness to a certain public service issue.

Similar to the notion of shockvertising, the latest trend nowadays is prankvertising. Its effectiveness is more powerful than the shocking advertising which presented in flat graphic. The emergence of the shocking visual is used to prank on random and unsuspected consumer in reality. It makes thing more unpredictable, especially when this entertaining method goes wrong, becomes a trigger of bad consequence.
  •       Morally, advertising ‘consists of exploiting human weakness through language, and the worst, a wicked misuse of other people’ (Hoggart, 1968: 54).
  •            The contrast of positive and negative brand image that the advertiser creates.


References:
Uprety, N (n.d.) Shockvertising: Method of Madness. Available at: http://www.abhinavjournal.com/images/Commerce_&_Management/Jun13/7.pdf

Kubacka, N. (2012) The Power and Role of Benetton’ Shockvertising. [Online] Available at: http://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/48098/Kubacka_Natalia.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed: 9th February, 2014]. 

Monday, 3 February 2014

Visual of "No Pain, No Gain"

After getting feedback from my lecturer last few weeks, I was a bit lost in my direction. Instead of focusing on the working philosophy of advertisement makers, I should be more focusing on the visual of "No Pain, No Gain".



So, here is my mind map for the first draft of essay. (I hope I can write one more draft for the final paper) What is the content part I would discuss about? Finding out some special study cases, I split into four levels according to the 'advancement': typical, print, TVC, and real prank. From here we can notice that advertisement makers try to bring this 'No pain, no gain' into the reality, not merely the surrealistic graphic. Making your heart beat increased instantly, I describe it as a 4D advertising, it is hard to imagine that we need to interact with the creepy ghost from the flat screen. I think this is the most advanced advertising has been done so far. 

The core in my final paper which I would like to discuss about is 'These visuals are actually creating a social problem rather than solving problem'. It seems like it goes against the real purpose of advertising, so is it making one company better or different? (*p/s: the term "different" has a contrast meaning to "better") Anyway, I will be discussing about this in the following post. Happy Chinese New Year! :) 


References:
http://marketplace21.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/theshockingtruthabout-shockvertising.pdf
http://pelfind.com/photo/28841p604192/75-shocking-advertisements
http://www.businessinsider.com/peta-shocking-controversial-ads-2011-10?op=1

Monday, 6 January 2014

Advertising is an Art

I have read a book which is worth to read, called "The Fall of Advertising & The Rise of PR". It isn't same with the other academic books, the way authors write is witty and interesting, it makes me feel like reading a story rather than academic article. This is the confession I wanted to make before starting this post, I strongly recommend you to have a look at least.

Concerning about the "No Pain, No Gain" working philosophy of advertisers today, I have a thought toward this issue after reading the book. The reason of utilizing this propaganda because advertising is died, and this approach brings this dead advertising come back to life.

It is just simple as the common sense of physiological reaction. Lets imagine that someone keep slapping your face lightly, you might feel uncomfortable in the beginning, but you would get used to the strength slowly. This is the situation of advertising today, compared to the status of advertising after World War II, advertising is no longer fresh and exciting. From here we know that the volume of advertising message is inversely proposition against the effectiveness of advertising. For example, the television commercial we could see before watching our selected video in youtube, we always tend to press 'skip' in order to tune out the advertising. Undoubtedly, it shows that advertising has lost its functional purpose, and thus become an art form.

What is an art? This question is very subjective indeed. Art can be defined as the various branches of creative activity, such as painting, music, literature, sculpture, and dance. These branches have a similarity which is they have no functional purpose in market field nowadays, same as what advertising does. This is the reason why we always try to avoid advertising in our daily life, this communication technique loses its functional purpose, hence it turns into art form. Marshall Mcluhan said 'Advertising is the greatest art form of 20th century.

As a design student, I always have a question when I get involved in this field, "Is the purpose of advertising winning award?" This book give me an answer, "Yes, it is" Advertising agency wins an award, does not mean it can increase the sale of brand. Advertising has no connection to sales. In fact, advertising icon seldom causes brand to become famous, but famous brand causes advertising icon to become famous.

Back to the physiological reaction, this is what the generic role of advertising nowadays. "No Pain, No Gain" propaganda, however, takes a great part in this aspect, or I should call it as 'risen up' advertising. It gives a PUNCH to people for conveying the advertising message. In term of creativity value, it is fresh and original method because nobody has done before that. This punch would be very painful, but I am not sure about the 'gain' advertisement makers look for.

Resources:
Ries, A. & Ries, L. (2002) The Fall of Advertising & The Rise of PR. United States: HarperCollins. pp. 1-79.

Why is Propaganda so Influential?

In this post, I would study on the influence of propaganda, and its reason. Before saying 'No Pain, No Gain' is a propaganda, I come out with a question: Instead of defining it as a motto, why do I define it as a propaganda? Okay,you might doubt that I have a wrong thought or direction in this case. But, what I would like to say is this sport motto is not only restricted to sport, but also in various field. 

In my own experience, I have been an athlete, I know what 'No Pain, No Gain' really stand for, push yourself to the limit, even more go beyond yourself for gaining an achievement in tournament. This is my own understanding, I believe all the great athletes keep on this sport motto during their match or training, it helps them to reach the highest level. 


In addition, I have learned English by holding with this motto, the result is, it doesn't seem useful. I can feel the 'pain' during the learning phase, but I don't really gain from there. Today, I, as a design student, I have been told that designers do not have adequate sleep most of the time. It makes me have different kind of mindset toward 'no pain, no gain' again, designer must be lack of sleep, and keep rushing work, then only can reach the wonderland. Frankly, I don't really agree with that, I know that the volume of assignment is 'much', but designers do not need to sacrifice health for paying off. 


Anyway, in short, the main point I would like to bring out is "no pain, no gain" is no longer a motto only, it becomes a propaganda which is enough to affect people in different stages. However, why is it so powerful and influential? This is worth to discuss about. Recently, I have found out a theory which I think is strong enough to convince me, the term is called 'Stickiness'.


This term 'stickiness' is presented by Malcolm Gladwell in his book called "The Tipping Point", designers utilize this theory for product, advertising, and tagline. 



For example, THIS!

There has six variations which are the key to create sticky concept:
  • Pithy
  • Surprise
  • Specific
  • Credibility
  • Emotion
  • Storytelling



I choose the character of minion in the movie 'Despicable Me" to be my case study. The McDonald minion toys bandwagon was insane at one time. So, why is minion so attractive? Firstly, the invention of the language, the lyrics 'ba-ba-ba-na-na-na....' brainwashes me.  The illegible language does help to simplify the story of the movie, even though audiences don't really understand what they speak. Secondly, the stupid and crazy action of minions, this is the most impressive point to adult perhaps. The reason is because it reflects the inner childhood of adult that could not be shown out in the reality. It also reflects the humanity of minion through the moral value of story. Therefore, the mixture of virtual and reality is successfully associate with people. To sum up , in the design of minion character, it includes the notions of pithy, emotion, and storytelling.

At last, I would say that 'no pain, no gain' propaganda includes the key of credibility, specific, and pithy. It is credibility because athlete proves it; It is specific because movie using the true story as the storyline; It is pithy because it is using only four simple words to illustrate a deep concept.


Resources:
http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/despicable-me-2-minions-5-579907
http://contemporarylit.about.com/od/socialsciences/fr/theTippingPoint.htm

http://malcolmgladwelltippingpoint.wikispaces.com/The+Stickiness+Factor

Wednesday, 25 December 2013

Von Restorff Effect

I learnt a new terminology, called 'Von Restorff Effect'. It is a psychological term, means the people's memory does last long for something which stands out. I think this what as designer always mentions about 'uniqueness'. This is a very suitable term for describing 'No Pain, No Gain' working philosophy of some advertising agencies, isn't it?

Chucky Movie 

Japan Autoway Tire (Caution: This is extremely scary, I strongly advice to mute the voice if you really scare of it)

Frankly, 'shock' and 'awe' pop out from my mind toward these three advertisements. I think the ultimate goal of them is gaining buzz-worthy attention, whether it is positive or negative. Recently, there are a lot of big companies utilize this method to advertise their brand or service, it could be both reward and risk, but I can make sure that the result in the end must be memorable to people. However, this approach might not be workable for SMEs in initial stage because people have no recognition about them before, once they use this method to 'torture' the people they are pranking, people would be hating these small businesses in rest of live. 

Concerning about this EX approach (EX as in extreme), I am wondering what is the 'gain' of the advertisers look for. Professor of Marketing Michael Solomon said about this genre, "The dark side of the constant drumbeat to enhance consumer engagement." All the scenarios of fear and danger are testing the limits of personal privacy and social acceptability, it makes people's adrenaline increased instantly. 

Scary advertising (idea) > Outdoor event/TVC (media) > Unsuspecting participants/Viewers (target group) > Terrified (public response) > Laugh at it/Scold abusively (public response) > Advertisers gets good reputation from it/ gets law letter from public (public action)

The last of the chain is showing the positive and negative cases, especially in sue-happy nations. This is the liability which advertisers need to concern about. To sum up this post, what I have found out in this stage is advertisers intend to make people talking, and thus become "memorable" in their mind. I would not say it is a very clever method, but it is a very impactful and quick way to get people response toward it. I believe that there are some hidden social issues behind this methodology.

To Be Continued... 

Resources:
Gianatasio, D. (2013) Prankvertising: Are Outrageous Marketing Stunts Worth the Risks? [Online] Available at: http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/prankvertising-are-outrageous-marketing-stunts-worth-risks-148238 [Accessed: 24th Dec, 2013].

Lidwell, W., Holden, K. & Butler, J. (2011) Universal Principles of Design: Revised and Updated Edition. Taiwan: Uni-Books. pp. 228-229, 254-255.